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Reference List

  1. Wilkinson JL, Boxall ABA, Kolpin DW, et al. Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(8):e2113947119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2113947119

  2. Galama J, Harms B. Promoting sustainable disposal behaviour of unused medicines: exploring the barriers and drivers using the COM-B model. Sustainable Futures. 2025;10:101104. doi:10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101104

  3. Frenzel O, Steig J, Hodges A. Assessing a medication safety and disposal educational program using the Health Belief Model. Innov Pharm. 2023;14(3):6. doi:10.24926/iip.v14i3.5546

  4. Ma ASB, McLachlan AJ, Abdel Shaheed C, et al. Effectiveness of interventions designed to increase safe medicine disposal: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Syst Rev. 2025;14(1):119. doi:10.1186/s13643-025-02820-4

  5. Thornber K, Bentham M, Pfleger S, et al. Pharmaceutical pollution from health care: a systems-based strategy for mitigating risks to public and environmental health. Lancet Planet Health. 2026;10(1):101404. doi:10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101404

  6. Safe, convenient medicine disposal. Return Unwanted Medicines. Accessed July 8, 2026. https://returnmed.com.au/

  7.  National Return and Disposal of Unwanted Medicines (NatRUM) Program. Australian Government Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Updated December 23, 2025. Accessed July 8, 2026. https://www.health.gov.au/our-work/national-return-and-disposal-of-unwanted-medicines-program-natrum?language=en

  8. Greenwood S. Getting rid of 11m kg of unwanted medicines. The Pharmacy Guild of Australia. August 10, 2022. Accessed July 8, 2026. https://www.guild.org.au/news-events/news/forefront/v12n08/editorial

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